Islamic Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islamic Architecture - Essay Example Islamic planners obtained much from the fallen Persian Empire’s engineering. A lot later subsequent to seeing combinations with numerous customs, when Islam came into the subcontinent, the previously common Indian design needed to adjust with this new religion (Metcalf). Curves, mosques and arches started to show up on the scene alongside the Hindu mandirs. Muslim rulers presented these Islamic conventions and furthermore obtained components from Hindu engineering to additionally adorn their own structures. Islamic design was spoken to by an unmistakable territorial panache. This was when Islamic engineering was vigorously affected by Persian, Turkish and Jerkasi customs followed by Fatmids, Salejuqs, Atabeqids, Ayyubids, Mamluks, and Ottomans. The impacts upon the design were not the decision of Muslim planners and craftsman; rather, they were Muslim rulers who chose to fuse outside customary components winning in nature, to improve their own engineering. The most critical in stances of Islamic design confronting syncretism are seen during the Mughal time frame. Structures that were developed during Mughal time were propelled by the Indian engineering with slight contacts from Persian design. The city of Fatehpur Sikri shows huge instances of combination of Hindu and Islamic design empowered by Akbar. Taj Mahal in Agra delineates strict syncretism and is acclaimed for its wonderful engineering improved by white marbles, advanced carvings and minarets. These styles that were empowered during the medieval period were neither absolutely Islamic nor Indian; rather, these were a combination of the two religions and their conventions. Returning into history, Ottomans taught Byzantine engineering highlights into Islamic design when they took the city from Byzantines and changed the basilica into a mosque.

The Layers of Mrs. Dubose in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay -- Kill Mocki

The Layers of Mrs. Dubose in To Kill a Mockingbird   â â â Toothpaste: it is comprised of such a significant number of various fixings. You can take a gander at a container of toothpaste, study it, watch the shades of the plastic holder and notice the size and state of it. You can figure all you need what's within, yet you will never know until it is crushed. Individuals: they are comprised of such a significant number of various things. You can see them, study their practices, and watch their appearances. You can make numerous presumptions about what they're similar to within, yet you will never know their actual character until they are crushed. At the point when an individual is placed in a tight position it doesn't make their character, it uncovered it. In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird there are a few characters that are available all through the book, however one appears to show up all of a sudden in section eleven. Her name is Mrs. Dubose, and she has a fascinating character. It has a few layers that nearly should be stripped away like an onion. Honesty is only one of the various layers of her character. Trustworthiness is the way an individual responds when they are being pressed. Mrs. Dubose has an elevated expectation of ethics and she is consistent with them- - she strolls her discussion. She pays special mind to individuals other than herself. She is resolved. Mrs. Dubose is unquestioningly a lady of respectability.  Mrs. Dubose shows trustworthiness by going to bat for her convictions. She has self-named herself as the habits police, as per the guidelines she was raised with. The manner in which she was brought up kids were relied upon to regard their folks and different older folks. Mrs. Dubose tries to call the children on it at whatever point they are carrying on of line as per her qualities. She hollers at Scout t... ...her life, a period that can be forlorn for an individual. One might say, she is being crushed, similar to a container of toothpaste- - yet she remains solid. She despite everything keeps every one of her qualities, rather than tossing them out the window. Mrs. Dubose doesn't simply lounge around and watch the world go on, she attempts to have any kind of effect. She doesn't set up herself a pity party, troubling others with her issues. Rather, she chooses to make the most out of the time she has left in her life. She chooses to improve her life with the goal that she can pass on having made every second count. Mrs. Dubose, in the entirety of her uprightness, is the most delicious sort of toothpaste there is.  Works Cited Johnson, Claudia. The Minor Charaters of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. Studies in American Fiction (1991):129-139. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York City, NY: J.B.Lippincott Company, 1990. The Layers of Mrs. Dubose in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay - Kill Mocki The Layers of Mrs. Dubose in To Kill a Mockingbird   â â â Toothpaste: it is comprised of such a significant number of various fixings. You can take a gander at a container of toothpaste, study it, watch the shades of the plastic compartment and notice the size and state of it. You can figure all you need what's within, however you will never know until it is pressed. Individuals: they are comprised of such huge numbers of various things. You can see them, study their practices, and watch their appearances. You can make numerous presumptions about what they're similar to within, however you will never know their actual character until they are pressed. At the point when an individual is placed in a tight position it doesn't make their character, it uncovered it. In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird there are a few characters that are available all through the book, yet one appears to show up all of a sudden in part eleven. Her name is Mrs. Dubose, and she has a fascinating character. It has a few layers that nearly should be st ripped away like an onion. Trustworthiness is only one of the various layers of her character. Trustworthiness is the means by which an individual responds when they are being pressed. Mrs. Dubose has an elevated expectation of ethics and she is consistent with them- - she strolls her discussion. She pays special mind to individuals other than herself. She is resolved. Mrs. Dubose is unquestioningly a lady of trustworthiness.  Mrs. Dubose shows trustworthiness by defending her convictions. She has self-designated herself as the habits police, as indicated by the norms she was raised with. The manner in which she was brought up youngsters were required to regard their folks and different seniors. Mrs. Dubose tries to call the children on it at whatever point they are carrying on of line as per her qualities. She hollers at Scout t... ...her life, a period that can be forlorn for an individual. It might be said, she is being pressed, similar to a container of toothpaste- - yet she remains solid. She despite everything keeps every one of her qualities, rather than tossing them out the window. Mrs. Dubose doesn't simply lounge around and watch the world go on, she attempts to have any kind of effect. She doesn't arrange herself a pity party, troubling others with her issues. Rather, she chooses to make the most out of the time she has left in her life. She chooses to improve her life so she can bite the dust having made every moment count. Mrs. Dubose, in the entirety of her honesty, is the most delectable sort of toothpaste there is.  Works Cited Johnson, Claudia. The Minor Charaters of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. Studies in American Fiction (1991):129-139. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York City, NY: J.B.Lippincott Company, 1990.

Two Sided Fallacy Essays - English-language Films,

Two Sided Fallacy Jud Van Matre Eng 12 Honors Period 2 November 3, 2000 The Two-Faced Citizen The point of convergence of this article is to characterize the life of Dr. Henry Jekyll, and the change he experienced in turning out to be Edward Hyde. Dr. Henry Jekyll is a doctor in London. He is very much regarded and is at present testing the double idea of humanity. Edward Hyde is an appearance of Dr. Jekyll's character. He is blamed for submitting fiendish acts all through the novel. The main scene comprises of Mr. Richard Enfield's and Mr. Utterson strolling along a road in London. Mr. Enfield has a memory of a past occurrence wherein he saw an amazingly terrible man stomping on upon a little shouting young lady while this man was running some place. An enormous group had accumulated around and they saw the man, Edward Hyde. The group constrained the man to offer cash to this young lady for stomping on over her. Hyde didn't run over her under any conditions. He simply did it because of dislike and shrewdness. He speaks to all the insidiousness on the planet. The response of others to him is one of awfulness in light of the fact that while taking a gander at him, others feel a longing to strike out at him and slaughter him. His physical appearance draws out the most exceedingly awful underhandedness in others. Since Hyde speaks to underhanded, he is emblematically spoken to as being a lot littler than Dr. Jekyll. I trust Dr. Jekyll made Hyde in light of the fact that he had a hypothesis that man has a decent side and an awful side. While researching this, he built up an elixir that could discharge the wickedness in an individual as an entirely unexpected individual. At that point this individual could submit any detestable demonstration it needed, and afterward drink the mixture to return back to ordinary. The main issue with this is the way that he drank this mixture so often, he was not, at this point ready to control this procedure. He couldn't change once again into Dr. Jekyll. Another case of Hyde's shrewd is in the executing of Sir Danvers Carew. Sir Danvers seems to have been executed for no clear explanation. The homicide of Sir Danvers was seen by a house cleaner who was working close by. She expresses that Hyde meet with a man in the road. After the two traded words, Mr. Hyde lifted his overwhelming strolling stick and clubbed the elderly person to death. This reveals to us the peru ser that Mr. Hyde has developed in rage. From stomping on over a kid in the primary scene, he presently submits murder for reasons unknown. I trust Hyde executed Sir Danvers since Sir Danvers was depicted just like a serene and great man. Hyde speaks to unadulterated malevolence, so normally he would despise great respectable men. The main motivation behind why Sir Danvers passes on, was on the grounds that he was a decent man. He not just slaughtered Sir Danvers', he needed to stomp on over him. The decency of Sir Danvers draws out the most exceptional underhandedness in Hyde. From the source Selves and Shadows we get an indepth investigate the novel. David Hume poses the inquiry, Would any man, who is strolling along, track as readily on another's gouty toes, whom he has no fight with, as on the hard stone and asphalt? Indeed, here is that man, and his all out visual impairment to any inclination yet his own is vital to his character. As Jekyll puts it, when he is in the end heade d to endeavor a decision between his two lives. It is clear that no man would need to stir something up, if there is no motivation to battle. Since Mr. Hyde speaks to the underhandedness in men, Dr. Jekyll discharges his insidiousness through his opposite side, Mr. Hyde. Mr. Hyde is Jekyll's method of discharging his outrage. In the last section called, Jekyll's Full Statement Jekyll uncovers everything. He expresses, No one yet me knows my actual nature. Every one of these years, the general population has seen just a facade of my genuine self. This is so exceptionally obvious due for the most part to the way that nobody knew Mr. Hyde was a piece of Dr. Jekyll. Jekyll continually underscores the enormity of his experience. He helps us to remember his well off family, and extraordinary training. However, he

The American Civil War Essay -- US History North South Civil War

The American Civil War was from 1861 to 1865 it was a common war between the United States of America and the Southern slave conditions of the recently framed Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis. The Union incorporated the entirety of the free states and the five slaveholding fringe states and was driven by Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party. Republicans restricted the development of subjection into domains claimed by the United States, and their triumph in the presidential appointment of 1860 brought about seven Southern states pronouncing their withdrawal from the Union even before Lincoln got down to business. The Union dismissed withdrawal, seeing it as resistance. Threats started on April 12, 1861, when Confederate powers assaulted a U.S. army base at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln reacted by requiring an enormous volunteer armed force, at that point four increasingly Southern states announced their severance. In the war's first year, the Union expe cted control of the fringe states and built up a maritime bar as the two sides massed armed forces and assets. In 1862, fights, for example, Shiloh and Antietam caused huge setbacks exceptional in U.S. military history. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made completion bondage in the South a war objective, which convoluted the Confederacy's labor deficiencies. In the East, Confederate authority Robert E. Lee prevailed upon a progression of triumphs Union militaries, yet Lee's opposite at Gettysburg toward the beginning of July, 1863 demonstrated the defining moment. The catch of Vicksburg and Port Hudson by Ulysses S. Award finished Union control of the Mississippi River. Award faced grisly conflicts of whittling down with Lee in 1864, constraining Lee to shield the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. Association general William Sherman ... ...s Plaza in Cadman Plaza and the Korean War Veterans Parkway, which was known as the Richmond Parkway until it was renamed in April 1997 by the New York State Legislature. The Vietnam War Memorial The Vietnam Veterans Memorial perceives and praises the people who served in one of America's most troublesome wars. The dedication was considered and intended to offer no political expression at about the war. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is where everybody, paying little mind to conclusion, can meet up and recollect and respect the individuals who served. Thusly, the dedication has prepared towards compromise and recuperating, a procedure that proceeds with today. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial achieves these objectives through the three segments that include the remembrance: the Wall of names, the Three Servicemen Statue and Flagpole, and the Vietnam Women's Memorial.

Faces of Aids: Gender Inequality and Hiv/Aids

Running Head: Face of AIDS: Gender Inequality and HIV/AIDS 1 Face of AIDS: Gender Inequality and HIV/AIDS Introduction The human immunodeficiency infection (HIV), which inevitably forms into (AIDS) is an overwhelming illness that has arrived at pandemic levels, influencing all populaces around the world. Since the primary revealed instance of HIV/AIDS in the mid 1980s, HIV/AIDS has gotten one of the main sources of mortality over the globe throughout the entire existence of humankind (U. S.Global Health Policy [USGHP], 2010). While HIV/AIDS has contributed fundamentally to the worldwide weight of sickness; among those living with HIV/AIDS, it has impactsly affected ladies and young ladies. In the midst of 40 million individuals living with HIVAIDS all around, practically 50% of them are ladies (Quinn and Overbaugh, 2005). Likewise, new contamination rates have been heightening significantly around the world, with generally brought together in creating nations (The Global Coalition on Women and AIDS [GCWA], n. d. ).In sub-Saharan Africa, ladies represent practically 60% of every single contaminated grown-up, while young ladies represent around 75% of all tainted youngsters between ages of 15 and 24 (Brijnath, 2007; Quinn and Overbaugh, 2005). In creating nations, for example, sub-Saharan Africa, the extent of ladies contaminated with HIV/AIDS is additionally on the ascent, for each ten men tainted with HIV/AIDS, 13 ladies are analyzed HIV-positive (Brijnath, 2007). In created nations, for example, United States, the occurrence of HIV/AIDS had expanded by 15% contrasted and 1% that of men from 1999 to 2003 (Quinn and Overbaugh, 2005).These disturbing insights infer a foreboding future for ladies and young ladies influenced by the infection †feminization of HIV/AIDS. This paper will feature the weight of illness suggestions on sexual orientation disparity in creating countries. Running Head: Face of AIDS: Gender Inequality and HIV/AIDS 2 Feminization of HIV/A IDS When HIV/AIDS cases were first announced, it was seen that HIV/AIDS was a malady among gay men, and the primary methods of transmission were through men who have intercourse with men (MSM).Presently, in any case, 80% of diseases were contracted through hetero sex while 19% were through medication infusions (Quinn and Overbaugh, 2005). It is apparent that ladies and young ladies are bearing a powerful bit of the weight of HIV/AIDS. Ladies and young ladies are socially, truly, and organically progressively defenseless against HIV/AIDs transmissions and shame related with the sickness. On the cultural level, ladies in creating nations are seen as being second rate, which is the main driver of sexual orientation profiling and disgrace towards this gathering (Quinn and Overbaugh, 2005).The society have made way for ladies and young ladies to be increasingly helpless to implies for HIV/AIDS transmission; besides encroaching on their opportunity of decision. Because of social structure and sex standards, ladies and young ladies are denied of training, in this manner they develop to be monetarily subject to men. This restrains their independence to reject sexual contacts with their close accomplice. For example, the act of safe sex through condom utilization is chiefly the males’ decisions, while ladies have limited exchange power (Mulligan, 2006). The minority status of ladies in creating nations accordingly opens them to high paces of HIV/AIDS infections.Gender standards effects of HIV/AIDS are recognizing and significantly progressively destructive towards ladies and young ladies since they face vilification and segregation on a more prominent size than men. An ethnographic investigation led via Carr et al. (2004) announced that ladies were increasingly worried about the psychosocial intimations partnered with being HIV-positive, rather Running Head: Face of AIDS: Gender Inequality and HIV/AIDS 3 than the antagonistic wellbeing results of the ailment. Th e dread of criticism going with divulgence of HIV-positive status has upset ladies from connecting for suitable and vital clinical and mental support.Stigma and segregation have appeared to effectsly affect women’s mental and physical prosperity since they experience the ill effects of social disconnection and low confidence (Carr and Gramling, 2004). This has not just brought about the under-portrayal of HIV-positive ladies, it has additionally made obstructions for ladies to accomplish better wellbeing (Carr and Gramling, 2004). Being truly sub-par compared to men, ladies are inclined to be pressured and being survivors of sexual savagery. These components add to raising contamination rates on the grounds that there is an improving probability for endurance sex work (Brijnath, 2007).Attributable to neediness and absence of instruction, ladies resolve to prostitution for endurance. The mix of absence of information in regards to practices of safe sex and regular experiences of sexual accomplices further improve ladies and girls’ vulnerabilities to getting the sickness. Sexual savagery is likewise a typical subject among ladies living with HIV/AIDS (Rountree and Mulraney, 2008). Besides, it has likewise been proposed that ladies are organically increasingly vulnerable to sickness movement of HIV/AIDS when taking hormonal contraceptives (Quinn and Overbaugh, 2005).The Global Coalition on Women and AIDS The feminization of HIV/AIDS is obvious, and requires genuine consideration. Sex disparity in creating nations has put huge weight of infection on ladies, and has been the impelling power for feminization of HIV/AIDS pandemic. In perceiving and completely appreciating the seriousness of this pandemic, The Global Coalition on Women and AIDS (GCWA) has stepped up towards battling for a more promising time to come for ladies on a national level. Running Head: Face of AIDS: Gender Inequality and HIV/AIDS 4GCWA is an UNAIDS community oriented exertion, w hich includes different systems of associations and political bodies to ease this weight of illness on ladies and young ladies (GCWA, n. d. ). The goals of GCWA are to give vital clinical thoughtfulness regarding those out of luck, bringing issues to light, alleviate savagery against ladies, and advance sex fairness. GCWA handles issues worried about sexual orientation disparity and the unfavorable effects it has had on ladies. General Health Intervention Recommendation Gender imbalance and mediocrity are the undertow that has decayed the feminization pattern of HIV/AIDS.Public wellbeing activities should concentrate on enabling ladies and improving their freedom. This can be accomplished through particular emotionally supportive networks that instruct and raise open consciousness of the roots and gravity of the circumstances. Besides, this ought to be supplemented with business referencing and securing bolster projects to advance their financial independence. End HIV/AIDS has becom e a feminizing pandemic, bringing about lopsided weight of infection on ladies and young ladies. Conventional subjection of ladies as minorities has exacerbated the seriousness of the issues.Global Coalition on Women and AIDs is a complete activity that objectives the base of this issue. Future activities for diminishing this hole of sex disparity ought to stress on engaging ladies and advancing their self-sufficiency. Running Head: Face of AIDS: Gender Inequality and HIV/AIDS 5 References Brijnath, B. (2007). It’s about time: Engendering AIDS in Africa. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 9(4), 371-386. Carr, R. L. , and Gramling, L. F. (2004). Disgrace: A wellbeing boundary for ladies with HIV/AIDS. Diary of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 15(5), 30-39. Mulligan, S. (2006). Ladies and HIV/AIDS.The Furrow, 57(4), 232-238. Quinn, T. C. , and Overbaugh, J. (2005). HIV/AIDS in ladies: A growing plague. Women’s Health, 308, 1582-1583. Rountree, M. A. , and Mulraney, M. (2008). HIV/AIDS chance decrease intercession for ladies who have encountered personal accomplice brutality. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38, 207-216. The Global Coalition on Women and AIDS. (n. d. ). About GCWA. Recovered March 25, 2011, from http://www. womenandaids. net/about-gcwa. aspx U. S. Worldwide Health Policy. (2010). Helps passings (grown-ups and youngsters) 2009. Recovered March 27, 2011, from http://www. globalhealthfacts. organization/theme. jsp? i=7

Why Do Young People Commit Murder

Why Do Young People Commit Murder Basics Print Why Do Young People Commit Murder? By Leonard Holmes Updated on January 15, 2020 Tetra Images / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Increasingly in recent years Americans and others around the world have been faced with what appear to be senseless mass murders. Often, both the victims and perpetrators of such murders are teenagers. Why would high school students murder their classmates and teachers? What do such events say about our society? Factors That Increase the Likelihood of Someone Committing Murder Even before the April 1999 events at Columbine High School, the American Psychological Association (APA) and MTV had joined forces to develop a campaign to stop youth violence. The APA Website includes materials developed from this campaign. Drawing from this material and other sources, here are some factors that contribute to the current climate of violence. Availability of Guns in the U.S.: The United States has some of the most liberal gun laws in the world. While events like this have happened in other countries, only in America are the weapons easily available in quantity.Availability of Information on Explosives on the Internet: The Internet allows information to come into our living rooms that was once very difficult to obtain. We have always been able to go to the library and find some of this material. Today, volumes of it are available in your home at the touch of a button. Some of the Online material is more detailed than anything youd find at the library.Breakdown of the Nuclear Family: Rising divorce rates and the blending of families make it more difficult for children to have good role models for conflict resolution.  Children learn from what they see, not what they hear.Violence on Television and in Movies: How many murders have you witnessed this week? If youve watched more than a few hours of television you have probably seen several. Violence adds excitement and increases ratings, but it also demonstrates behaviors that teenagers like to imitate.Absence of a Moral Compass: In past generations the church and synagogue were important influences on children and youth.  Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts included moral values at the core of their teaching.  While these influences are still here, they are not a part of the lives of many teens.Women Joining Men in the Workforce: With both parents working in most families children have a much greater amount of unsupervised time than in the past. While most latchkey teenagers do not build bombs, decreased parental involvement and supervision is one thing that allows things like this to happen.Breakdown of Neighborhoods and Communities: When I grew up we knew almost everyone on our street. It seemed like there was much more time for leisure activities and socializing. Today I know some of my neighbors, and I wave to others that I dont know. Then I retreat to my ow n house and yard to relax and unwind. Teenagers who feel connected with others in their community are less likely to act out their anger in destructive ways.Natural Tendency for Teens to Form Groups and Cliques: Most of us remember the pecking order in high school and Columbine High School sounds typical. The jocks were popular because of their celebrity on the playing field, and some students were teased for being on the fringe. The outcast teens of my day were the nerds in the audiovisual club and the students who dressed funny and did drugs. There was racial tension in my high school, but the tension between the different groups rarely erupted into violence. When it did fists were the weapon of choice.Healthy Teen Rebellion Getting out of Hand: One of the developmental tasks of the teenage years is to become your own person, partly through rebellion against your parents.    As a parent it is often difficult to know when this rebellion is normal and when it has gotten out-of-hand.  Keep the lines of communication open with your teenager.  Consider family therapy if communication stops entirely during this period. What Can Be Done to Curb Violence Perpetrated by Young People? Obviously some of these factors are easier to influence than others.    Most families with two incomes need both of those incomes.  Teens will always form cliques and they will always rebel.  One of the most important things that you, as a parent, can do is to talk with your teenager.  Avoid lecturing, and be sure to listen to them at least as much as you talk.   Younger children should be encouraged to be involved in organizations that aim to develop a sense of right and wrong.  Avoid leaving children or teens unsupervised for long periods of time every day.  Supervise their Internet access and continue to involve them in family activities and family vacations. Other solutions may take more than just parents.  Communities can increase their offerings of recreational activities. Empty school buildings can be used to offer evening and weekend events.  Churches can re-think their youth programs and offer activities that are interesting and meaningful to teenagers.

Medicine in the Early 1900s Essential Context for Emilys Death - Literature Essay Samples

Humanity has been fortunate enough to make advancements in medicine as time goes on. Medicine, and the lack of it, plays an important role in Our Town. Emily’s death is a key part of the conflict in the play. The third act’s name isn’t given, but the reader can draw the conclusion that its subject is death. If better medicine and medical practices were present for the setting of the play, it could have ended a lot differently than it did. Our Town took place from 1901 until 1913. Practices were very different from today’s. Many wives gave birth in their own home. It wasn’t common for people to deliver babies at hospitals or other health-related facilities. From 1912 to 1915, only half of women who gave birth were being attended by physicians. Hospitals had a taboo around them at the time. Antiseptic policies were not as strict during this time, and doctors could pose a risk of infecting a woman or her child if they had been spending the day going from patient to patient. People argued that in a home, there was only one patient, while in a hospital, there were many. Most women felt more at ease being with family and familiar surroundings. Emily’s process of preparing for giving birth might’ve been very similar to a typical early 1900’s womans process. One book by Henry Davidson Fry included very specific instructions for preparing for childbirth. While some methods of his were questioned, most were commonly practiced, when the book was published in 1907. Fry recommended that a birthing room was prepared for the woman. He strongly advised that this room should not be near a bathroom, as he said that sewage fumes could potentially damage a newborn child. Another book by Louis A. Spaeth recommended that a woman be properly dressed before giving birth. An appropriate outfit, according to Spaeth, would’ve included a short underskirt, an under vest, a blouse, a petticoat, warm stockings, and slippers. Similar books contained other tips for properly delivering children, although methods contradicted each other from book-to-book. As of 1915, the infant mortality rate was one out of ten births. The maternal mortality rate was 680 out of 100,000 births. Without the use of vaccines or antibiotics, the risk of infection was high. More miscarriages occurred when there wasn’t a physician present. Seventy-five percent of women gave birth without the use of painkillers. As of 2015, the infant mortality rate was 6 out of 1,000 births. The maternal mortality rate was 17.8 out of 100,000 births. Twenty percent of women gave birth without the use of painkillers. Clearly, there is a considerable difference in these statistics, showing how much tradition and ideas have changed over the years. These changes have certainly been for the better. Today, childbirth doesn’t pose as much of a threat. Miscarriages are much less common thanks to the advances in medicine. From 1900 through 1977, the maternal death rate dropped nearly 99 percent. With the help of societal supports for maternal and child health programs, we have learned more and more about childbirth, and different ways that we can ensure that it is as smooth as possible. Women can pre-register at a hospital many months in advance. Women can even fill out a Childbirth Plan form and decide on specific preferences. They offer several natural pain management strategies such as calming whirlpools or massages. You can decide how you would like to deliver the child, whether it be lying on your side or on your back. Hospitals make accommodations for other children who may have to stay on the grounds. Some hospitals will even go as far as ensuring there will be transportation regardless of the time it is needed. Nurses can help regulate and control the number of visit ors during your stay at the hospital if you would like them to. Needless to say, there have been many improvements over time. Even smaller improvements and attention to smaller details such as comfort preferences can make the stay a little more bearable for the patient. While Emily’s death was essential to the plot of the story, it is a huge relief knowing that we have made so many medical advances. It was unfortunate that hospitals had such a stigma for a while, but this potentially helped them to make changes to become safer and more sterile places, where people could feel safe and at ease. Modern hospitals make extraordinary efforts to keep everything as sanitary and sterile as possible. Strict regulations can help put people at ease if they require medical services. All women should have the right to know they are in good hands if they ever wish to bring a child into the world.